Test Bank for The Norton Introduction to Philosophy, 2nd Edition by Rosen, Gideon, Alex, Joshua | TEST BANK

Test Bank for The Norton Introduction to Philosophy, 2nd Edition, 2e by Gideon Rosen, Alex Byrne, Joshua Cohen TEST BANK ISBN-13: 9780393624427 FULL CHAPTERS INCLUDED Part I - Philosophy of Religion 1 - Does God Exist? Anselm of Canterbury, The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion Thomas Aquinas, The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica William Paley, The Argument from Design, from Natural Theology Roger White, The Argument from Cosmological Fine-Tuning Louise Antony, No Good Reason — Exploring the Problem of Evil Eleonore Stump, The Problem of Evil 2 - Is It Reasonable to Believe Without Evidence? Blaise Pascal, The Wager, from Pensées Alan Hájek, Pascal’s Ultimate Gamble W. K . Clifford, The Ethics of Belief William James, The Will to Believe Alvin Plantinga, Is Belief in God Properly Basic? Lara Buchak, When Is Faith Rational? Part II - Epistemology 3 - What Is Knowledge? Plato, Meno Edmund Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? Timothy Williamson, Knowledge and Belief 4 - How Can We Know about What We Have Not Observed? David Hume, Sceptical Doubts Concerning the Operations of the Understanding, Section IV, and Sceptic P. F. Strawson, The “Justification” of Induction, from Introduction to Logical Theory Nelson Goodman, The New Riddle of Induction, from Fact, Fiction, and Forecast Gilbert Harman, The Inference to the Best Explanation 5 - How Can You Know Your Own Mind or the Mind of Another Person? Bertrand Russell, The Argument from Analogy, from Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits Saul Kripke, Wittgenstein and Other Minds, from Wittgenstein on Rules and Private Language Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Man Seen from the Outside, from The World of Perception D. M. Armstrong, Introspection, from A Materialist Theory of the Mind Sarah K. Paul, John Doe and Richard Roe Alex Byrne , Skepticism about the Internal World 6 - How Can We Know About the External World? René Descartes, Meditation I: What Can Be Called into Doubt, from Meditations on First Philosophy David Hume, Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses, from A Treatise of Human Nature G. E. Moore, Proof of an External World Jonathan Vogel, Skepticism and Inference to the Best Explanation Rae Langton, Ignorance of Things in Themselves PART III - Metaphysics and the philosophy of Mind 7 - Is Mind Material? René Descartes, Meditation II: The Nature of the Human Mind, and How It Is Better Known than the Bo Elisabeth of Bohemia, Correspondence with Descartes Antoine Arnauld, Fourth Set of Objections Gilbert Ryle, Descartes’ Myth, from The Concept of Mind J. J. C . Smart, Sensations and Brain Processes John Searle, Can Computers Think?, from Minds, Brains, and Science 8 - What Is Consciousness? Thomas Nagel, What Is It Like to Be a Bat? Frank Jackson, Epiphenomenal Qualia Patricia Smith Churchland, Are Mental States Irreducible to Neurobiological States?, from Neurophilo David Chalmers, The Hard Problem of Consciousness Michael Tye, The Puzzle of Transparency 9 - Are Things as They Appear? Bertrand Russell, Appearance and Reality, from The Problems of Philosophy George Berkeley, Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous Vasubandhu, Twenty Verses with Auto-Commentary Nick Bostrom, Are We Living in a Computer Simulation? 10 - What Is There? Stephen Yablo, A Thing and Its Matter Peter Unger, There Are No Ordinary Things Gideon Rosen, Numbers and Other Immaterial Objects Penelope Maddy, Do Numbers Exist? PART IV - From Metaphysics to Ethics 11 - What Is Personal Identity? John Locke, Of Identity and Diversity, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Richard Swinburne, The Dualist Theory, from Personal Identity Derek Parfit, Personal Identity, from Reasons and Persons Bernard Williams, The Self and the Future 12 - What Is Race? What Is Gender? Anthony Appiah, The Uncompleted Argument: Du Bois and the Illusion of Race Sally Haslanger, Gender and Race: (What) Are They? (What) Do We Want Them to Be? Quayshawn Spencer, Are Folk Races Like Dingoes, Dimes, or Dodos? Elizabeth Barnes, The Metaphysics of Gender 13 - Do We Possess Free Will? Galen Strawson, Free Will Roderick Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self A. J. Ayer, Freedom and Necessity P. F. Strawson, Freedom and Resentment Harry Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person Susan Wolf, Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility Nomy Arpaly, Why Moral Ignorance Is No Excuse PART V - Ethics 14 - What Is the Right Thing to Do? Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality Onora O’Neill, The Moral Perplexities of Famine and World Hunger Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion Don Marquis, Why Abortion Is Immoral Elizabeth Harman, The Moral Significance of Animal Pain and Animal Death Cora Diamond, Eating Meat and Eating People 15 - Do Your Intentions Matter? G. E. M. Anscombe, Mr Truman’s Degree Thomas M. Scanlon, When Do Intentions Matter to Permissibility? Barbara Herman, Impermissibility and Wrongness Michele M. Moody-Adams, Culture, Responsibility, and Affected Ignorance Angela M. Smith, Implicit Bias, Moral Agency, and Moral Responsibility 16 - Which Moral Theory Is Correct? John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics Rosalind Hursthouse, Virtue Ethics Friedrich Nietzsche, On the Genealogy of Morals, Beyond Good and Evil, and the Gay Science 17 - Is Morality Objective? J. L. Mackie, The Subjectivity of Values, from Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong R. Jay Wallace, Moral Subjectivism Thomas Nagel, Ethics, from the Last Word Philip L . Quinn, The Divine Command Theory Elizabeth Harman, Is It Reasonable to “Rely on Intuitions” in Ethics? Sharon Street, Does Anything Really Matter or Did We Just Evolve to Think So? Sarah Mcgrath, What Is Weird About Moral Deference? 18 - Why Do What Is Right? Plato, The Republic Judith Jarvis Thomson, Why Ought We Do What Is Right? David Hume, Of the Passions, and Of Morals, from A Treatise of Human Nature; Why Utility Pleases, fr 19 - What Is the Meaning of Life? Richard Taylor, The Meaning of Life Susan Wolf, Meaning in Life and Why It Matters Thomas Nagel, The Absurd Samuel Scheffler, Death and the Afterlife PART VI - Political Philosophy 20 - How Can the State Be Justified? Aristotle, Politics Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan Jean-Jacques Rousseau, The Social Contract A. John Simmons, Rights-Based Justifications for the State Charles Mills, The Racial Contract 21 - What Is the Value of Liberty? John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration John Stuart Mill, On Liberty Patrick Devlin, Morals and the Criminal Law Amartya Sen, Elements of a Theory of Human Rights 22 - Does Justice Require Equality? John Rawls, Two Principles of Justice, from A Theory of Justice Harry Frankfurt, Equality as a Moral Ideal Martha Nussbaum, Political Equality Robert Nozick, Distributive Justice, from Anarchy, State, and Utopia Susan Moller Okin, Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women? Answers to Test Your Understanding Glossary